预备知识
- (Dynamic viscosity)动力粘度:\(\mu\) \(,这个\)\(\mu\)与牛顿内摩擦公式有关:\(\tau = \mu du/ dy\), 单位为\(Pa\cdot s\)或\(N\cdot s/m^2\)
- (Kinematic viscosity)运动粘度:\(\nu = \mu / \rho\) ,单位为\(m^2/s\)
在OpenFOAM中,一般设置运动粘度: 1
nu [ 0 2 -1 0 0 0 0 ] 0.01;
theory.pdf (dyfluid.com) 对于simpleFoam来说,OpenFOAM求解的方程是这样的:
$$ \[\begin{align} \nabla\cdot\bf{U}=0 \\ \nabla \cdot (\mathbf{U}\mathbf{U})-\nabla \cdot(\nu \nabla \mathbf{U})=-\nabla p \end{align}\] $$ 对于不可压流体时,OpenFOAM对上述方程整个除了密度\(\rho\) 。所以会在边界条件的p文件内看到p的量纲是\(m^2/s^2\):
1 | dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0]; |
压力\(p\) 原量纲为:\(kg / m\cdot s^2\) ,除以密度\(kg/m^3\)
\(k-\epsilon\) 模型
对于求解采用\(k-\epsilon\) 模型时,湍流粘度\(\nu_{t}\) 与湍动能\(k\) 和湍流耗散率\(\epsilon\) 结合,有公式: \[ \nu_t = C_{\mu} \frac{k^2}{\epsilon} \] 标准 k-ε 模型: 常数: \[ \begin{align} C_{mu} = 0.0 \\ C_1 = 1.44 \\ C_2 = 1.92 \\ α_k = 1 \\ α_ε = 0.76923 \end{align} \]
Turbulence dissipation rate -- CFD-Wiki, the free CFD reference (cfd-online.com) 湍流耗散率单位:\(m^2/s^3\)
关于边界flowRateInletVelocity
flowRateInletVelocity
value uniform (0 0 0) -- CFD Online Discussion Forums
(cfd-online.com) OpenFOAM:
API Guide: flowRateInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField Class Reference -
Example of the boundary condition specification for a volumetric
flow rate: 1
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8<patchName>
{
type flowRateInletVelocity;
volumetricFlowRate 0.2;
extrapolateProfile yes;
value uniform (0 0 0);
}
example of the boundary condition specification for a mass flow rate:
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9<patchName>
{
type flowRateInletVelocity;
massFlowRate 0.2;
extrapolateProfile yes;
rho rho;
rhoInlet 1.0;
value uniform (0 0 0);
}检测入口和出口处的流量相同的 Difference between specified and calculated mass flow rate -- CFD Online Discussion Forums (cfd-online.com)
边界条件的\(k-\epsilon\) 模型该怎么取
calculation of k, epsilon and omega -- CFD Online Discussion Forums (cfd-online.com)
Turbulence free-stream boundary conditions -- CFD-Wiki, the free CFD reference (cfd-online.com)
- 看Henry等人写的关于这部分的内容
Notes on CFD: General Principles - 7.3 Inlet turbulence
- 看这里的估算方法